Create a Fall-Proof Home Environment
Most falls are caused by a loss of footing (tripping) and/or traction (slipping) associated with environmental hazards. An ideal, fall-proof home features even, non-slip walking surfaces throughout. While this may seem unattainable, especially for those living in multi-level residences, there are minor changes and home modifications that can reduce an elder’s fall risk.
Keep all rooms free of clutter, especially the floors. Furniture should be easy to walk around and walkways should be clear. That means no electrical cords, throw rugs or other trip hazards.
Keep floor surfaces clean and dry but not slippery.
Check that all carpets and area rugs have skid-proof backings or are firmly secured to the floor, including carpeting on stairs.
Be sure that all stairwells are adequately lit and have sturdy handrails on both sides. Consider placing contrasting fluorescent tape on the edges of each step to avoid missteps.
Install grab bars on bathroom walls beside tubs, showers and toilets. For those who tire easily or are unstable on their feet, consider using a transfer bench or shower chair for increased stability when bathing.
Use a non-slip spray treatment or permanent non-slip strips to provide added traction on the floors of showers and bathtubs.
Ensure that light switches are located near the entry points of each room to prevent fumbling in the dark. Another option is to install voice- or sound-activated lamps.
Reorganize closets, cabinets and other storage areas to minimize the need to bend down or reach up to retrieve commonly used items.
Choose Appropriate Footwear
Seniors often have a favorite pair of shoes or slippers, but if they are worn out, ill-fitting or an impractical style, they can be a serious fall hazard. Supportive, low-heeled shoes with non-slip soles are ideal. Consider purchasing two pairs—one for inside the home and one for wearing on outings. Avoid walking around in socks, stockings or backless slippers.
Encourage Physical Activity
Regular physical activity is the first line of defense against falls and fractures. As people get older, they typically become less active and begin to lose muscle mass and tone. This leads to a decrease in strength, coordination, and flexibility and an increased fall risk. An exercise regimen can help seniors improve their stamina, balance and mobility, regardless of their age.
Use Prescribed Mobility Aids
Elders are often reluctant to get (and consistently use) mobility aids, even though these devices can play a vital role in helping them continue to lead safe and active lives. It is important to ensure they are using the proper mobility aid (e.g., walker, rollator, cane) and using it correctly. A physical therapist or occupational therapist can conduct an assessment, recommend the appropriate durable medical equipment, and educate the patient on how to use it. Medicare Part B covers medically necessary durable medical equipment (DME), but only if it is prescribed by a doctor.
Receive Regular Eye Exams
Even small changes in sight can make a senior more prone to falling. Encourage aging loved ones to wear their eyeglasses (and use low vision aids if necessary) so they can see their surroundings clearly. Regular eye exams are crucial for ensuring a senior is wearing the correct prescription and screening for eye diseases.
Check for Medication Side Effects and Interactions
As people get older, they are more likely to suffer from a variety of chronic medical conditions that must be managed with medication. Research shows that the median number of prescription medications taken by older adults is four. It is estimated that between 30 and 40 percent of seniors take five or more prescriptions, all of which come with side effects and the potential for adverse drug interactions.
Seniors with illnesses that affect their circulation, sensation, mobility or mental alertness are more likely to fall. Certain prescriptions cause side effects, such as dizziness, confusion, drowsiness, fluctuations in blood pressure or slowed reflexes, that can contribute to accidents as well. Original post from AgingCare.com
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